Abdias of Babylon was a legendary early Christian figure traditionally identified as one of the Seventy Disciples of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. According to Christian tradition, he became the first bishop of Babylon and was ordained by apostles including Simon and Jude. As a purported Jewish convert from Babylonian exile, he is credited with documenting the lives, travels, and martyrdoms of the apostles during the post-Resurrection period. Abdias is best known as the attributed author of the Historia Apostolica (History of the Apostles), a ten-book compilation describing the missionary activities, miracles, and deaths of the Twelve Apostles and their associates. This influential text, supposedly an eyewitness account originally composed in the 1st century in Hebrew, Greek, or Syriac before being translated into Latin, covers events including Peter's crucifixion in Rome, Paul's martyrdom, Thomas's mission to India, and the work of Simon and Jude in Persia and Babylon. The Historia Apostolica incorporates material from earlier apocryphal works and emphasizes themes of Christian evangelism, divine protection, and anti-heretical polemic, often set against the backdrop of Nero's persecutions. However, modern scholars recognize Abdias as a pseudepigraphal figure—a legendary construct created to lend apostolic authority to later Christian texts rather than a historical individual.