Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist. (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 – 20 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar,[a] and a major leader in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercian Order. He was sent to found Clairvaux Abbey only a few years after becoming a monk at Cîteaux. In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar, which soon became an ideal of Christian nobility. On the death of Pope Honorius II in 1130, a schism arose in the church. Bernard was a major proponent of Pope Innocent II, arguing effectively for his legitimacy over the Antipope Anacletus II. The eloquent abbot advocated crusades in general and convinced many to participate in the unsuccessful Second Crusade, notably through a famous sermon at Vézelay (1146). Bernard was canonized just 21 years after his death by Pope Alexander III. In 1830 Pope Pius VIII declared him a Doctor of the Church. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) was a prominent French abbot, mystic, and reformer who revitalized Benedictine monasticism through the Cistercian Order. A key figure in 12th-century Europe, he was renowned for his eloquence, influence, and deep spirituality. He established Clairvaux Abbey, advocating for a stricter adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict, emphasizing manual labor, simplicity, and prayer. Bernard's charisma and scriptural understanding made him a sought-after spiritual advisor, and he played a significant role in both ecclesiastical and secular affairs, influencing popes, rulers, and even promoting the Second Crusade. Two of Bernard's important works are "The Twelve Degrees of Humility and Pride" and "On Loving God." The former explores the path to spiritual perfection through humility, outlining its twelve degrees in contrast to the twelve degrees of pride. The latter delves into the nature of divine love, exploring its stages from self-love to the perfect love of God, emphasizing detachment from worldly desires. Both treatises reflect Bernard's profound understanding of human nature and his commitment to the spiritual life, continuing to inspire those seeking spiritual growth.